VDL Mode 2

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Specs

VDL-2 stands for VHF Data Link - Mode 2. It is the 'next-gen' version of ACARS that is designed to be a higher-throughput communications link supporting a wider variety of messages (e.g. ATN, IP packets).

VDL-2's Magic Numbers
Property Value
Channel allocation 25kHz
Modulation D8PSK
Symbol rate 10500
Bit rate 31500
Filter Raised cosine, α = 0.6 (nominal excess bandwidth)
Constellation Gray code, 22.5 degree rotation
Detector lock 16 symbol synchronisation sequence

References

  • A PDF summary from Wavecom
  • A PDF describing technical aspects of VDL 2, 3 and 4.

Demodulation

A series of transmissions visible on the waterfall:

VDL-M2 Waterfall.PNG

Scope view of a VDL-2 burst:

VDL-2 Scope.png

A DPSK demodulator flow graph in GRC that will print out a transmission's initial raw symbols to the console once the received (AM) signal power exceeds a threshold (simple squelch):

VDL-M2 GRC.png

The flow graph above uses GRC Any Blocks.

Initial results

The beginning of a series of transmissions are recorded (the output is generated by baz.print_char).

You can see the sync sequence appearing soon after the squelch has opened (following three zeros as the transmitter ramps up). There are some bit errors too (optimise demodulator parameters?). The final zero is the 'reserved symbol'.

0045423000002430053004757020717774013045147502324403113674664551207303324143134717422433410225705742... [468 symbols]
3714211710000026304534167571206305744131250311707376473211422744512073033241635367174224334102661261... [132 symbols]
3631140711167000042634013404757020460760213021510502033116326553022164044614664011402645246340465355... [1763 symbols]
00413672720023746770000426340174047570200455542030250311507375053210422147 [74 symbols]
6231354774030404020747000042634017004755021021554003065031150735605721042230712237003324063174715422... [132 symbols]
4266304447134176517604677556375270000026300534047571201455702031651675123245 [76 symbols]
4106466441600714543221075635650065714071030000662641710415754414055164716 [73 symbols]
5243657703612360706140163002700442222720300004263045340675702053055411302503101254164732114225605526... [131 symbols]

Note: there are three bits per symbols (digits range from 0 to 7). Here the bit order for each symbol is reversed (in case you're wondering why it doesn't match the spec).